2. Protecting Trees from Frost Cracks and Sunscald

Frost cracks and sunscald are common winter issues for trees in Missouri. These occur when freezing temperatures and intense sunlight create stress on the tree’s bark, leading to cracks or sunburn.

• What are Frost Cracks? Frost cracks happen when the bark expands and contracts too quickly due to temperature changes. This causes long, vertical cracks in the bark, which can weaken the tree and make it more susceptible to pests and diseases.
• Using Tree Wrap for Protection: Wrapping the trunks of young or thin-barked trees (such as maples or cherry trees) with a tree wrap can help protect them from temperature fluctuations. Start wrapping at the base and go up to the lowest branches, ensuring a snug fit. Be sure to remove the wrap in early spring to prevent moisture from becoming trapped.
• Sunscald Protection: Sunscald happens when bright winter sun heats the tree’s bark, followed by a sudden drop in temperature. The bark is then vulnerable to cracking. Wrapping, along with positioning trees with sufficient natural shade, helps reduce the chances of sunscald.

Protecting trees from frost cracks and sunscald is especially important for young and newly planted trees, as they have thinner bark and are more prone to winter damage.

3. Watering Trees During Dry Winter Periods

While trees need less water in winter, they can still suffer from dehydration, especially if there are extended dry periods. Proper winter watering can help keep roots hydrated, providing trees with the resources they need to survive.

• Deep Watering on Warmer Days: During mild winter days when temperatures rise above freezing, water trees deeply around the root zone. Aim to soak the soil about 8-12 inches deep, focusing on the drip line rather than the trunk.
• Monitoring Soil Moisture: Check the soil moisture periodically, especially if winter has been dry. Young trees and evergreens are more susceptible to winter drought stress, so they may need additional water.
• Avoid Watering if the Ground is Frozen: Watering when the soil is frozen won’t benefit the tree, as roots cannot absorb the water. Focus on watering during warm spells when the soil has thawed.

Maintaining proper hydration helps trees avoid winter burn and keeps their roots healthy through the dormant season.